题目：Energy–poverty–inequality SDGs: A large-scale household analysis and forecasting in China （能源-贫困-不平等与可持续发展目标：中国大规模家庭分析与预测）
作者：Cong Li, Minglai Li, Lin Zhang, Qiang Li, Hua Zheng, and Marcus W. Feldman
摘要：Affordable and clean energy, eliminating poverty, and reducing inequality are important goals of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This paper examines the role of access to clean cooking fuels in promoting income growth and reducing income inequality. Using data from Chinese households, we show that a 10% increase in the adoption of clean cooking fuels would result in an increase in total annual household income of US$37 billion nationwide. Income growth from access to clean cooking fuels is greater for lower-income groups due to a shift to higher household income and reduced downward household income mobility, which contributes to a reduction in income inequality. The effect of access to clean cooking fuels on household income growth is primarily driven by improved health and increased labor supply. The use of clean cooking fuels also saves fuel collection time and cooking time, reducing time spent on household chores by about 0.4 h per day, thereby increasing labor supply in the job market and improving wage income. Improvements in income due to clean cooking fuels are influenced by external conditions, urbanization, education, employment opportunities, and good market conditions. With further promotion of clean cooking fuels, household income and inequality in China are expected to improve further by 2030 and contribute more widely to human well-being and achievement of the SDGs.
可负担的清洁能源、消除贫困和减少不平等是联合国可持续发展目标的重要内容。本文基于中国家庭的大规模调查数据，探讨了清洁炊事燃料的普及在促进收入增长和降低收入不平等方面的作用。研究结果表明，清洁炊事燃料使用率每提高10%，全国家庭年总收入将增加370亿美元。由于清洁燃料的使用促使家庭收入提升并降低其收入向下流动性，低收入群体从中获得的收入增长更为显著，这有助于缩小收入差距。清洁炊事燃料对家庭收入的积极影响主要源于健康状况的改善和劳动力供给的增加。同时，清洁燃料的使用还节省了拾柴和烹饪时间，使每日家务时间减少约0.4小时，从而增加了劳动力市场的供给并提高了工资性收入。此外，清洁燃料带来的收入提升效果还受到城镇化水平、教育程度、就业机会及良好市场条件等外部环境因素的影响。随着清洁炊事燃料的进一步推广，预计到2030年，中国家庭收入将持续增长，收入不平等状况将进一步改善，从而为提升人类福祉和实现可持续发展目标做出更广泛的贡献。
原文：Li, C., Li, M., Zhang, L., Li, Q., Zheng, H., & Feldman, M. W. (2025). Energy–poverty–inequality SDGs: A large-scale household analysis and forecasting in China. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 122(1), e2408167121.
链接：https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2408167121
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