题目：Global greenhouse gas emissions mitigation potential of existing and planned hydrogen projects（现有及规划中氢能项目的全球温室气体减排潜力）
作者：Tom Terlouw，Christian Moretti，Carina Harpprecht，Romain Sacchi，Russell McKenna and Christian Bauer
摘要：Hydrogen will play a critical role in decarbonizing diverse economic sectors. However, given limited sustainable resources and the energy-intensive nature of its production, prioritizing its applications will be essential. Here, we analyse approximately 2,000 (low-carbon) hydrogen projects worldwide, encompassing operational and planned initiatives until 2043, quantifying their greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and mitigation potential from a life cycle perspective. Our results demonstrate the variability in GHG emissions of hydrogen applications, depending on the geographical location and hydrogen source used. The most climate-effective hydrogen applications include steel-making, biofuels and ammonia, while hydrogen use for road transport, power generation and domestic heating should be discouraged as more favourable alternatives exist. Planned low-carbon hydrogen projects could generate 110 MtH2 yr−1, emit approximately 0.4 GtCO2e yr−1, and potentially reduce net life cycle GHG emissions by 0.2–1.1 GtCO2e yr−1 by 2043, depending on the substituted product or service. Addressing the current hydrogen implementation gap and prioritizing climate-effective applications are crucial for meeting decarbonization goals.
氢能在实现多元经济部门脱碳方面将发挥关键作用。然而，鉴于可持续资源的有限性以及氢能生产的高能耗特性，优先考虑其应用领域至关重要。本研究分析了全球约 2,000 个（低碳）氢能项目，涵盖了截至 2043 年的已运营及计划中的项目，并从生命周期视角量化了其温室气体（GHG）排放及减排潜力。结果表明，氢能应用的温室气体排放具有差异性，具体取决于地理位置及所使用的氢源。气候效益最显著的氢能应用领域包括炼钢、生物燃料及合成氨；而由于存在更优的替代方案，应限制将氢能用于陆路运输、发电和家庭采暖。据估算，计划中的低碳氢能项目到 2043 年可产氢 110 MtH₂ yr⁻¹，产生约 0.4 GtCO₂e yr⁻¹ 的排放，并根据所替代的产品或服务，有望减少 0.2–1.1 GtCO₂e yr⁻¹ 的生命周期温室气体净排放量。弥合当前的氢能实施差距并优先发展气候效益显著的应用，对于实现脱碳目标至关重要。
原文： Terlouw T , Moretti C , Harpprecht C ,et al.Global greenhouse gas emissions mitigation potential of existing and planned hydrogen projects[J].Nature Energy, 2025, 10(12):1503-1515.DOI:10.1038/s41560-025-01892-9.
链接：https://link.springer.com/article/10.1038/s41560-025-01892-9
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